Contemporary Service Provision For Children And Young People

This exposition will give data about various bits of enactment including Education Act (1944), The Mary Warnock Report (1978), and ‘Every Child Matters’ (2003). The article is additionally going to talk about The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) 2007. In May 1940 Britain had been at war and soon after Neville Chamberlain who was moderate Prime Minister had to leave because of the absence of trust in his gathering. He was later supplanted by Winston Churchill.In October 1940 Herwald Ramsbotham who was leader of the Board of Education, met with senior officials to talk about the Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s perfect of; â€Å"establishing a condition of society where the favorable circumstances and benefits which until now have been delighted in just by the couple of, will be unquestionably more generally shared by the men and youth of the country as a whole† (Taylor (1977) refered to in Gillard, 2011, p2). After conversations with Winston Churchill t he board’s proposition got known as the ‘Green Book’ this was then framed a bit of enactment which is currently known as The Education Act 1944.It was later talked about that there ought to be three phases of instruction which would be essential, auxiliary and further. Which is still set up in today’s society (Gillard, 2011). This is acceptable on the grounds that kids are presently instructed through stages anyway it is additionally a poorly conceived notion in light of the fact that not all kids create through the stages, a few youngsters will comprehend one subject more than another or there might be a kid who was to have a learning trouble and afterward this would imply that the kid will create when they are prepared and it may not be in stages they may take longer or they miss a phase and bouncing to the following stage .Once this was brought out they at that point finished the current separation among basic and optional (Gillard 2011). In 1941 Rab Bu tler who was president leading body of instruction presented free auxiliary training which occurred without precedent for the UK (Parliament UK, 2012). Since the 1944 demonstration has been drawn out this has been looked into multiple times since and there are presently three Education Acts set up. Before the war there was no free optional school training you needed to pay and just the privileged families had the option to pay for the offices (Aldrich, 2002).However after the war the general public had changed and the administration needed to attempt to improve life for everyone (Lowe, 1988). They did this by presenting free auxiliary training, and they likewise presented gathering houses with the goal that the lower class families had the option to have a steady home for themselves and their youngsters. The legislature likewise presented free social insurance, so that if the kids or grown-ups required any clinical consideration they had the option to get this for nothing out of poc ket. As of now, the legislature presented the 11 or more test.Most of the time the youngsters who originated from a more extravagant foundation wound up in the private charge paid schools, and the kids that were in the lower class families wound up in the less advantaged schools (Lowe, 1988). The 1944 Act perceived that children’s instruction ought to be founded on their age, ability and capacity. In any case, as Childs ( 2006) brings up: â€Å"the 11 or more came to be viewed as a test that segregated firmly, if not intentionally, against the working class† (p. 93) From talking about the Children Act this exposition is presently going to go on to examining the Warnock Report.Mary Warnock was associated with Special Educational Needs (SEN). She is currently known as Baroness Warnock. The Warnock report took a gander at the statementing of youngsters and furthermore took a gander at whether kids with a SEN could be educated in standard schools. Setting up this made it s o that there was little expert school arrangement accessible. This report featured that kids who had a custom curriculum need, were bound to be harassed in a standard school. Anyway this isn’t consistently the case as not all youngsters with an instructive need will get tormented in a standard school.If the kid had conduct challenges then there is a more drawn out an ideal opportunity for the announcement procedure. Anyway when the report was recharged in 2005, Baroness Warnock expressed that announcements aren’t a smart thought and should just be held as a wellbeing net (Douglas Silas Solicitors, 2012). From examining the Mary Warnock Report this article is currently going to discuss the Green Paper Act which is otherwise called ‘Every Child Matters’. Each Child Matters Green paper (2003) was distributed soon after the passing of Victoria Climbiã © and was set up to change children’s services.This enactment has five key results that will help kids in kid hood through to later life. The five key results are ensuring youngsters: remain safe, appreciate and accomplish, be solid, accomplish financial prosperity and making a positive commitment. The system ensured that the multi-office organizations, for example, wellbeing guests and social administrations were established with the goal that it gave kids the best chance to prevail to their maximum capacity and draw out the best in kids. From the Every Child Matters Green Paper enactment this at that point prompted the making of Common Assessment Framework which is otherwise called (CAF).By acquiring this it ensured that the entirety of the organizations working with youngsters comprehend the individual requirements for the kids. CAF structures prompted gatherings which united the offices which ensured the Ever Child Matters plan is met and followed (Department for Education, 2012a). Following on from the Green Paper this exposition is currently going to begin examining the Early Years establishment stage. The Early Years Foundation Stage was presented in 2007 and was made necessary from first September 2008.This was then changed in 2012. The point was to set the measures for learning, advancement and care for kids from the times of birth to five years. This bit of enactment is set up to assist kids with accomplishing the five ‘Every Child Matters’ results which were recorded previously. The EYFS does this by setting the measures and ensuring that all youngsters are accomplishing while they are under the watchful eye of the setting and ensures that the kids gain ground and that no kid gets left behind (Department for Education, 2012b).The EYFS addresses equivalent open doors by ensuring that each kid is incorporated and not left out on account of their: ethnicity, culture or religion, sexual orientation, home language or family foundation and any learning troubles the kid may have or their capacity. The EYFS means to make the structure for assoc iation working. They do this by working with the children’s guardians and experts and they pass on data between the settings that the kid attends.The EYFS likewise improved the quality and consistency for youngsters by disposing of the current structures, and giving the premise to the investigation and guideline system. At last they established a protected framework for future learning, this implied the youngster care experts were intending to meet the individual needs of the kids. They likewise completed standard perceptions on the youngsters with the goal that they had the option to perceive if there are any adjustments in the child’s advancement. It could be proposed that these results bigly affect the manner in which the setting is run.Without these results the nursery setting wouldn’t know where they are at with appraisals. Anyway it could be contended that there is some level of contrast among settings and experts with respect to how well the arranging and evaluations are done. The EYFS is a focal piece of a multi year childcare technique that was purchased out in 2007. This shows enactment isn’t continually going to work and in some cases will require checking on so it very well may be improved and more exceptional. Anyway at times they don’t transform anything it is only an audit to ensure that everything is as yet being run the same.Within the EYFS the work for all professionals are gathered into four particular yet reciprocal topics which are: a one of a kind kid, ensuring the kids have positive connections, having empowering conditions which implies that the nursery must have splendid shows up and look inviting and furthermore ensuring that the kids are learning and creating at the correct phase of their turn of events. Since the Early Years establishment stage has been presented it is currently realized that kids appreciate and learn more when learning through play (Pramling-Samuelsson and Fleer, 2009).It is signi ficant that the kids can settle on their own decisions and left to investigate without anyone else as long as they are protected this is the manner by which most perceptions are done, during the child’s common free stream play. By this you are then ready to perceive how the youngster collaborates with other kids, what they appreciate doing, the manner by which they investigate and furthermore what they discovered from playing/investigating. From this the professional is then ready to plan and actualize from this to urge the kids to learn.â€Å"A great free play meeting offers a rich play and learning experience for kids. It permits every kid to advance at his/her own pace, it gives youngsters practice in picking, and in managing the outcomes of decision, and it empowers an increasingly adaptable and open-finished utilization of the group’s assets. Like all veritable opportunity, in any case, it takes a ton of effort† (Henderson 2010, refered to in Lewis, 2011, p 1). Anyway a few kids are further developed and would lean toward learn at a quicker speed accomplishing composed work rather plan playing.On the other hand it is acceptable in light of the fact that it gives kids opportunity to investigate and learn at their own stage instead of them feeling like they are being hurried along. Which implies the youngster will figure out how to be solid and free which will be found out through adoring and secure associations with guardians/carers. Youngsters additionally take a gander at shows inside the setting to help th

Retail Industry Commercial Activity

Question: Disacuss about the Retail Industry for Commercial Activity. Answer: Presentation Retailing is an indispensable piece of the business action wherein the clients can purchase the results of various dealers from a solitary spot. It is characterized as a blend of client driven exercises where the merchandizers recognize the particular needs of the clients and import the items from various pieces of the world. Customarily, the retail outlets advanced from little shops at towns and towns which used to sell food, vegetables and dairy items. These outlets were typically little in their measure and take into account the necessities of the neighborhood clients. These stores normally filled in as the inside for the nearby monetary exercises and furnished the clients with advices and educated administrations. In any case, with the evolving times, the essence of the retail business has likewise changed. At present a few worldwide retailers have advanced which works in various pieces of the globe (Findlay Sparks, 2002). These associations sell the buyer merchandise and venture s through various conveyance channel and win a benefit. In the retail business, the interest is distinguished and afterward the retailer endeavors to fulfill the interest through gracefully chain. In the conventional retail circulation model, the organizations purchase their items from distributer and offer it to the clients. Because of the tremendous benefits in the retail business, a few global associations have risen. At present, retail has become a various and complex field. Today, the retail associations are offering a wide range of items from vehicles to social insurance, books, staple and fix administrations. The retailing is practiced in two phases, in particular, distributer and the retailer (Varley, 2014). The distributer fills in as a center man between the retailers and the item producers. They purchase the merchandise in huge amount from the makers and stock these products in stockrooms, take orders from the retailer and compose for the item conveyance. In this substanc e, in this paper, the historical backdrop of the retailing is talked about alongside the recorded advancement of departmental stores and their transformative powers and retailing future. Authentic improvement of Department Stores and Discount Stores In the retail business, the departmental stores allude to the retail outlets where a scope of items from various classes are accessible at a solitary spot. In the nineteenth century, the departmental stores showed up with the expansion in the extra cash of the individuals and the adjustments in the shopping propensities. Toward the start of the nineteenth century, because of the modern unrest, a few changes were acknowledged in the purchaser conduct of the general public. Because of the mechanical upheaval, the working class developed in its size and riches which created industrialism culture and utilization design. The retail business created because of the success of the working class and increment in transportable mediums. During this time, there was additionally an expansion in the quantity of ladies customers because of changes in the general public structure which helped the retail business (Trentmann, 2012). Afterward, different shops rose in the eighteenth century to take int o account the necessities of the inert rich. During this time, the departmental stores were centered around the well-off customers who want to get excellent merchandize from various mainlands. These departmental stores were altogether different from their advanced partners and recognized from other retail outlets because of the recommendation of merchandize from various offices. These retail outlets were centered around misusing the high extra cash of the white collar class and the expansion in the expectations for everyday comforts of the individuals because of the modern upheaval. The departmental storekeepers attempted to give an out and out various shopping experience to the retailers and fulfill all the requests of the buyers (Howard, 2015). The departmental store stayed unmistakable till the 1960s after which the appearance shopping centers and markdown departmental store decreased its magnificence. The markdown departmental stores concentrated on giving an alternate shopping experience to the value touchy clients. These stores discounted the quantity of administrations gave and the climate of the stores to bring down the cost of the items. With the coming of the rebate retailers, the cost control and the cost rivalry among the retail associations expanded. In addition, it built up the retail advertise and the market portions got refined and smaller. The markdown retailers sell the items at a lower cost than the run of the mill stores. These stores center around giving items at scaled down costs as opposed to nature of administration and introduction. They offer items at a wide value range and low-net revenues. They are centered around tapping the value touchy clients (Benson Ugolini, 2006). Wheel of retailing and the Retail Life Cycle The Wheel of Retailing hypothesis attempts to clarify the adjustments in the commercial center when the trailblazers, for example, enormous organizations attempt to enter the retail territory. The Wheel of retailing hypothesis talks about how the retailers catch the piece of the overall industry and make brand estimation of the association. The retailers incite their tasks at the base of wheel with low costs and productivity. In any case, with time extend their tasks and related value, benefits and picture (Fernie, Fernie Moore, 2015). As indicated by the wheel of retailing, the value delicate clients don't stay faithful to the retail associations. They remain pulled in towards the associations that offer minimal effort items. The new retail locations can diminish their operational expenses by saving money on lease costs and decreasing the outfitting costs. In any case, with time when these establishments grow extra time, they increment the administrations offered to the merchandize and offer items at various value run. The current retailers grow their client base; be that as it may, lose the underlying value delicate clients. The wheel of retailing is utilized to clarify the development of the retail business (Zentes, Morschett Schramm-Klein, 2002). Retail life cycle ideas expresses that the retail associations are indistinguishable from the items and administrations they sell and go through various life stages, in particular, presentation, development, development and decrease. This hypothesis provides data with respect to the guidance and the speed of the change. In the primary phase of the retail life cycle, a firm makes some solid changes in the system blend of the retail organizations. Along these lines, it is otherwise called the development stage. The benefits and the deals of the organization spikes exponentially. In this stage, the organization changes its current procedures and present another component in it. The retail organization recognizes favorable position or comfort which is fundamentally unique in relation to their retailers. As it is a beginning period in the retail life cycle, the quantity of contenders is low. The administration builds up the presentation system through a progression of experiements. Noneth eless, the hazard in this stage is greatest if the new procedure presented by the organization isn't well-recepted by the clients. For this situation, the firm may experience the ill effects of substantial money related misfortunes. The second stage in the retail life cycle is the phase of the turn of events (Dunne Lusch, 2007). In this stage, scarcely any contenders and fake associations rise. Since the retail organization has worked in the market for a generous measure of time, it can accomplish the situation of market pioneer. In this stage, the benefit levels of the organization increments alongside the speculation necessities. The secong period of the retail cycle shows up for five to eights years. The finish of this stage is described by cost control pressures. In the development stage, the retail associations gain ground; notwithstanding, the development rate started to slow. The organizations likewise begin understanding the serious weights upon them. The immediate rivalry a mong the organizations increments and the retail associations attempt to present some new component in their procedure to build up its serious condition. The last stage in the retail life cycle is that of decrease wherein the firm watches decrease in its deals and productivity. The organization looses its upper hand and needs to recognize another system to proceed with gainfulness in its activities. The overhead use of the organization is high and benefits are negligible. The client see the business as old and exhausting. The organizations think that its hard to draw the clients. In the retail business, the organizations make due by receiving new procedures and new component before the clients forsake them (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Mergers, Diversification and Downsizing At the present, the retail is in the period of fast change. The productivity in the retail business has gotten testing because of the expansion in the detachment of clients and the expanded rivalry. The customers have gotten increasingly mindful and limited in their shopping propensities. Alongside it, the clients additionally have choices of web shopping. Today, the shoppers search various choices on the web before making a buy. Along these lines, it is essential to consistently stay serious (Loeb, 2014). The retail associations which are attempting to extend their activities are receiving a few systems to develop as indicated by the changing business sector powers. Because of the expansion in the opposition and buyer fascination towards low-estimated items, the retailers are compelled to execute cost control and cost regulation measures. The organizations are decreasing the unrewarding things and staff solidarity to build the net revenues. Merger and enhancement is a powerful metho dology to keep up the deals of the association in an exceptionally serious or develop condition. In the merger system, diversely claimed firms meet up and join together (Thain Bradley, 2014). The mergers can occur between various types of r

Allure cruise line

Airborne Express The two fundamental components of Porter’s Five Forces Model that Airborne Express ought to be generally worried about are the degree of rivalry inside the business and the intensity of the purchasers. The seriousness in the business is exceptionally extraordinary. It is lead by two goliaths, Federal Express and the United Parcel Service (UPS), which represent 35 and 24 percent of the piece of the pie individually. Airborne Express holds just 9 percent of the market. Contending with these two mechanical juggernauts is exceptionally troublesome because of their huge money related preferred position and their general size. Airborne Express likewise needs to manage the better than expected bartering intensity of their high-volume corporate clients. They decided to concentrate on this fragment of the market in the mid 1980s and, despite the fact that this technique has enormously helped them to succeed, these purchasers regularly have the ability to request considerable limits tha t they frequently get. There is one zone of purchasing power that could be viewed as a favorable position for Airborne Express. They control the main secretly guaranteed Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) in the U.S. In a FTZ stock is tax exempt and customs obligations are possibly paid on things when they leave. This permits outside organizations to store inventories in the U.S. with Airborne Express without paying traditions obligations on them until the need emerges, which is something they can’t do anyplace else and enormously restricts their purchasing power in this regard. Airborne Express doesn’t have any critical issues of provider force or accessibility of substitutes to stress over. Obstructions to passage incorporate the sheer size of both Federal Express and the United Parcel Service and a develop industry. Airborne Express has numerous qualities. They are reasonably mechanically solid with their three primary data frameworks: FOCUS, LIBRA II, and Customer Linkage. These projects fundamentally improve client assistance and lessen costs. They are blessed to have the main FT... Free Essays on Airborne Express Free Essays on Airborne Express Airborne Express The two principle components of Porter’s Five Forces Model that Airborne Express ought to be generally worried about are the degree of rivalry inside the business and the intensity of the purchasers. The seriousness in the business is extremely exceptional. It is lead by two monsters, Federal Express and the United Parcel Service (UPS), which represent 35 and 24 percent of the piece of the pie separately. Airborne Express holds just 9 percent of the market. Contending with these two mechanical juggernauts is exceptionally troublesome because of their huge money related bit of leeway and their general size. Airborne Express likewise needs to manage the better than expected dealing intensity of their high-volume corporate clients. They decided to concentrate on this fragment of the market in the mid 1980s and, despite the fact that this system has extraordinarily helped them to succeed, these purchasers frequently have the ability to request generous limits that they regularly g et. There is one territory of purchasing power that could be viewed as a bit of leeway for Airborne Express. They control the main secretly affirmed Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) in the U.S. In a FTZ stock is tax exempt and customs obligations are possibly paid on things when they leave. This permits remote organizations to store inventories in the U.S. with Airborne Express without paying traditions obligations on them until the need emerges, which is something they can’t do anyplace else and enormously constrains their purchasing power in this regard. Airborne Express doesn’t have any huge issues of provider force or accessibility of substitutes to stress over. Hindrances to passage incorporate the sheer size of both Federal Express and the United Parcel Service and a develop industry. Airborne Express has numerous qualities. They are reasonably innovatively stable with their three principle data frameworks: FOCUS, LIBRA II, and Customer Linkage. These projects essentially improve client assistance and lessen costs. They are lucky to have the main FT...

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Marxist Locke Essays - 2522 Words

Marxist Locke Karl Marx and John Locke both place a great deal of importance in both labour and property in discussing their political philosophies. At first glance, the two thinkers seem to possess completely different ideas on property, its importance, and the form of society which should grow from it. The disparity in their beliefs is evident, but they share a similar approach to labour and acceptable conditions while constructing philosophies which inherently attack each other. Locke’s suggestion that capitalism is a natural political progression can only be accomplished when the worker himself becomes a commodity to be traded, a transformation which Marx identifies as a major problem with capitalism. In looking at capitalism†¦show more content†¦I would say that while Locke discusses the necessity for the state to protect life, liberty, and the pursuit of property, the necessity for the state follows directly from property acquisition. According to Locke, the need for protect ion is spurred by the idea of property. The protection of one’s health and one’s freedoms directly relate to the property in his possession and the threat that other people may show him in desire for that property. Labour itself also plays a large part in Locke’s analysis of property and thus, the analysis of the state. What constitutes property for Locke? â€Å"Whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property† (Locke 19). Locke places a great deal of emphasis on the importance of labour, and the fact that its addition to goods constitutes property. He goes so far as to say that in analyzing â€Å"what in [products] is purely owning to nature, and what to labour, we shall find that in most of them ninety-nine hundredths are wholly to be put on the account of labour† (Locke 25). This intrinsic value in l abour is something we shall see later in Marx, and it is a characteristic of the two thinkers which relates their concepts. In a broad sense, it would seem asShow MoreRelatedMarx s Views On Private Property1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction English philosopher John Locke and German philosopher Karl Marx seem completely opposed in their views of private property. While Locke believes that private property is a natural right, Marx believes that private property should be abolished. Throughout this paper, Locke’s and Marx’s individual philosophies on private property will be presented and examined. Ultimately, this paper seeks to show the similarities between these thinkers’ viewpoints on private property and demonstrateRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Theory And Social Discourse1253 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1690, John Locke, an Englishman, wrote his Second Treatise on Government which argued for a government featuring a societal sovereign that protected property. A half century later, Jean Jacques Rousseau published Discourse on Inequality, a piece that explored the proprietary origin and distribution of equality while subtly critiquing John Locke’s theories. By the time Karl Marx began to expl ore bourgeois society and its shortcomings, Rousseau was an established Locke critique who Marx’s On theRead MoreLiberalism And The Ethical And Logical Level Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesany specific concept of perfectionism, social utopia or the ‘’good’’. This is concept is often used in critiques of multiculturalism and collective rights movements. We will be discussing the theories of some liberal authors such as John Rawls, Locke, Mill, Nozick, and Waldron among others whose philosophies clash on the ethical and logical level. We will discuss the following proposal; ‘’the government can no more act†¦ to advance human excellence, or the values of perfection†¦ than it can to advanceRead MoreConcept of Freedom in Political Theory1679 Words   |  7 Pageswe find in our daily lives. Different political theorists, writing in different times, often of political turmoil, have considered freedom in many different ways. Three influential writers who took a normative approach were Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. An important part of their arguments turned on their notions of a ‘state of nature’ – where natural law applied in absence of any organised political state. Hobbes (1651, cited in Brown, 2005), writing shortly afterRead MoreDifferent Ideologies From The Rise Of Fascism And The Marxist Revolution Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the course time of people have had vigorous debate over the type of government implemented and how different people should be governed within a society. We have seen huge variants in ideologies from the rise of fascism in Europe and to the Marxist revolution. We, as in Americans, are lucky enough to live in a time and in a form of democracy where people are able to have a say in what they expect the government to do for them. Since the birth of this country until now we have had plenty of debateRead More John Locke’s Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second Treatise of Government4596 Words   |  19 PagesTreatise of Government (1690), have had varying interpretations and treatments by subsequent generations of authors. At one extreme, Locke has been claimed as one of the early or iginators of Western liberalism, who had sought to lay the foundations for civil government, based on universal consent and the natural rights of individuals. [1] Others have charged that what Locke had really done, whether intentionally or unintentionally, was to provide a justification for the entrenched inequality and privilegesRead MoreComparing the Ideas of Locke and Freire846 Words   |  3 Pagescontrast and comparison of the ideas of Locke and Freire. Prerequisite Skills: High School reading comprehension Course work/Reading: Locke, Spencer and Freire The first of these is the English philosopher-polymath John Locke (1632-1704), widely hailed as father of classical liberalism and modern secular society. Lockes ideas had a profound effect on the coming of age of enlightenment and no less a figure than Thomas Jefferson attributed to Locke many of the ideas that became the bedrockRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx843 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast the Philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx In the idea of human nature; origin of state, the nature of government, the rights of regulation can be drawn as the reflection of insightful philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Karl Marx. By understanding this within the context of human nature, we can see their ideas play to how they perceive a modern philosophy. Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto illustrates the desire to build a society without economicRead MoreDrug Prohibition And Drug Legalization Issue1406 Words   |  6 Pagescreated? Here comes the question of- Why? Why spending so much money on a policy that is not working? What is the psychological error (or should I say brilliance?) of the internal dimensions of capitalism that requires the ban? This brings us to the Marxist notion of understanding a law. According to Marx- â€Å"Law, morality, religion, are to [the proletariat] so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests.† Marx uses the word prejudice which is almost relativeRead MorePhilosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke and Karl Marx885 Words   |  4 Pages With great ideas, comes and follows great change. Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke and Karl Marx are renowned philosophers who paved way to the most prominent forms of government in the world. Through their literature they have created a huge wave of revolutionary ideas that exist in the several forms of government to this day. On one hand, Machiavelli advocates political absolutism. It is a form of government in which the governed accept the powers granted to a single ruler usually vested in a

Management and Organization Linear Programming Perspective

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organizationfor Linear Programming Perspective. Answer: Introduction The existence of long-term projections shows that an expected levels of demand of one hundred units of a particular product A and the alternative product B every day production capacity. There are constraints which can be considered as the upcoming limitations on producing the maximum expected capacity. The number of units that can be produced cannot go beyond 200 units and 170 units of product B on a daily basis. The level of utility that is required to be met in order to satisfy the shipping of these goods is a total of at least 200 calculators capable of being delivered every day.(Samuel, 2003) argued that Linear Programming 2: Theory and Extensions in Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. Given that each unit of the scientific calculator that was supplied results to a $ 3 in loss made but every unit of B produced produce a $6 in profit made we can then determine the amount that the company can make daily in order to maximize the profits. X: stands for the units A produced while y: represents the units of B that were manufactured. In this perspective the company cannot produce a negative number of calculators hence there exists two constraints, x0 and y=/0. However in this case the problem solver can ignore the constraints because x is represented by equal or greater than 100 and y is greater than or equal to 80. (Fang, 1993)Linear Optimization and Extensions: Theory and Algorithms. This activity that was undertaken also led to a maximum: x_ 200 and y was given by the value less than or equal to 170. Combination that gives us the breakeven point where neither profit nor loss is made is x +y200 hence this justifies the fact that y-x + 200. The amount of profit that leads to the relationship will be the value that was optimized in the equation: P = -3X + 6Y. In our second scenario the representation of the system will be given by the equation that is simplified as P= -3x + 6y, currently subject to: 100x200, also do consider the value 80y170 and finally the resulting solution is y-x +200. (Daniel, 1997) said that Linear Programming 1: Introduction, Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering Our feasibility region of the graph will be as follows resulting from the computation is as follows. After the corners are put into a test there are points that are derived at (100,170), (200, 170), (200, 80), (120, 80) and (100, 100). The value that is obtainable as result of this sum is equal to P= 653 at (x, y) = (100, 170). The expected answer from the linear programming equation is 100 units of product A and 170 units of units B produced. In the above computation I have used the most optimal method to achieve the applicable and very best result. The lowest cost that was incurred in the production process has been depicted and also the highest level of profit attainable. The model has incorporated mathematics in the modules in getting the feasibility region. Cook, (1997) said that Combinatorial Optimization of functions that are in linear programming. Objective that is referred to as the linear factor has been used in minimizing and increasing the inequality constraints. Simplex method could not be the suitable method because it results to confusion and alters the proposed path of the algorithms. References Cook, W. (1997). The available combinatorial optimization of functions that are found in linear programming perspective. Winger man press. New York. Fang, S. (1993). Linear Optimization and Extensions: Theory and Algorithms. Prentice press, Upper River town. Daniel, K. (1997). Linear Programming 1: Introduction, Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering, springer press. New York. Samuel, L. (2003). Linear Programming 2: Theory and Extensions in Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Springer press. New York.

Monster, Monster by The Almost free essay sample

For those of you who dont know The Almost, its a side project of Aaron Gillespies, from Christian metal-core band Underoath. The Almosts 2007 â€Å"Southern Weather† was a phenomenal debut, and â€Å"Monster, Monster† has lived up to its standard. As the title track kicks things off, the band shows its tougher side with driving guitar chords and a fast tempo. Gillespie gives us a sound that is easy-going and accessible, especially on â€Å"Lonely Wheel.† His voice has never sounded stronger. The Almost have proved that they can generate softer songs like â€Å"No I Dont† and â€Å"Summer Summer,† with catchy guitar chords swooping in and out that give off a classic rock sound. This band can also write catchy pop/rock songs like â€Å"Hands.† This blend of singalong chorus (â€Å"Whoa-oh, Oh Oh Oh†) and clapping is a major highlight of the album. â€Å"Young Again† and â€Å"Books and Books† continue in the bands alternative rock style. We will write a custom essay sample on Monster, Monster by The Almost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My favorite song on the album has to be â€Å"Hand Grenade† because it has a soft acoustic sound that soothes the soul. Gillespie is truly a genius when it comes to creating soft music. â€Å"Souls on Ten† is also worth mentioning, with its radio-friendly tone. With light piano and guitar chords delicately complementing Gillespies voice, this track is a highlight. Seeing as I have been good friends with Gillespie for a few years, I really wanted to like this album, and the majority of the songs are catchy, but they are also repetitive and predictable. This album will definitely help the band gain more fans and popularity, but The Almost is going to have to take more risks if they want to go further.

School is Bad for Children Essays

School is Bad for Children Essays School is Bad for Children Paper School is Bad for Children Paper Is School Bad for Children? John Holt Education has always been an intense topic of discussion among many cultures and different groups of people. For many years it was believed that without formal structured education, academic success couldnt be achieved. Today that idea has been challenged and proved invalid by homeschooling, online classes and alternative learning of all sorts. In the article,†School is Bad for Children,† American author and educator John Holt talks about the failures and flaws within our traditional schooling system. In â€Å"School is Bad for Children†, Holt states that a child enters school with more willingness to learn and desire to figure things out for themselves than they will ever be at school. He says that children learn the most important thing they will ever need to know before they even go to school which is â€Å"the mystery of language†. That when you first go to school you want to be there and want to learn. Why Is School Bad? The author states that children do not learn own their own anymore, that their learning is done passively for them. Holt says that learning is separate from living and in other ways, he learns that he is abandoned and disloyal. Whatever you like or thinks important, its not. The only thing that matters is what the system wants and think is important. So the students learns not to ask questions and given no chances, he soon acknowleges the adults sterio-type of him. Children realize when at school, to be wrong or unsure is not adequate. The school only desires the correct answers and the student has to accomplish ways to â€Å"pry the answers out of the teacher.† Holt states that children are taught not to learn from each other, to ignore other students and to focus only on the teacher. Another controversial part of this essay by Holt is that he states that children learn from school how to shut their brains off, and that eventually leads them to drug use. Then Holt gets so bold as to suggest to abolish mandatory school attendance because that would cause the children not to be forced to go to school but to want to go to school. Furthermore, he offers many strategies to fix the school problem, including: remove children from schools and bring them out to the real world, take them to meet adults besides their parents and teaches, let children work together, and let children grade themselves. His final suggestion is to abolish curriculum altogether. In a nutshell, Holt argues boldly that the way our current educational system works is not best for children or their learning process. In the article Holt points out the specific flaws in modern education. He also offers alternative ideas for educating our youth. Through examples John Holt expresses the idea that children are much better learners without any formal teaching, before they ever set foot in a classroom. John Holt makes the statement, almost every child on the first day he sets foot in school is smarter, more curious, less afraid of what he doesn’t know, better at figuring things out, more confidant, resourceful, persistent, and independent than he or she will ever be again in school. Holt explains that without any formal education, by experimenting all alone, the child has done a task far more complicated and abstract than anything he will be taught. The child discovers and learns to use language independently. Holt goes further to argue that traditional schoolsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ impersonal and dull approach teaches the child that his or her experience, hopes, fears likes dislikes and opinions count for nothing. School tells our children that he only way they are capable of learning is by being properly taught from a teacher, and that without formal instruction; he doesn’t have the ability to figure things out and find answers on his own. The child learns not to ask questions, the author says, because only right answers are sought and Continue Reading

Assignment 4UT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 4UT - Essay Example For instance, the United States exercised imperialism over Latin American states during the reign of President Roosevelt. b. Rationale In the case of the Roosevelt Corollary, President Roosevelt acted in the pretense of limiting foreign involvement in the affairs of the Latin American states. According to Ayers (2009), Roosevelt claimed that mistakes the Latin American country made, would force the United States to exercise international police power. In the Panamanian Revolution, Roosevelt argued that the Colombians refused to take his offer for the canal. Additionally, there had been several other treaties made in the past with the Colombian government that had not been honored. c. Message from the Cartoons President Roosevelt is depicted as an adamant fighter who will stop at nothing to achieve his goal or victory. In relation to the Panamanian Revolution and the Roosevelt Corollary, Roosevelt depicts that he does not appreciate loosing and as such would use any available means to ensure that he succeeds. This is evident by the way he strangles his opponent in the depicted cartoon of him and the rail road trust. d. Events leading to Panamanian Revolution. By showing interest to the offer given by the Panamanian rebels over the Panama Canal, the United States effectively played a big role in enforcing the revolution. By secretly organizing a coup and declaring their independence with the protection of the United States Navy, the Panamanian rebels stole the Panama Canal Zone from the Colombians as claimed by the Republican senator Hayakawa. Question 2 Following the publication of a novel by Upton Sinclair, ’the jungle’, there was uproar by the American people amidst the revelations that the book revealed to the citizens. The massive filth and corruption of the meat packing industry had been exposed with Upton vividly describing how sick cows were slaughtered for beef at the watch of the meat inspector (Ayers, 2009). He also exposed how rats and o ther rodents were packed with regular meat and grinded to make sausages. As a result of this, there was massive demand by the public for reforms in the meat industry. This public outcry for reforms partly contributed to the progressive reform movement that was taking shape at the time. Upton’s article was characteristic of muckraking journalism in the sense that it reported on the wrong doings that was happening in the meat industry. By investigating and revealing the filth and rot that had been entrenched in such a sensitive industry, Upton qualified to be a muckraker. His article didn’t bear any positive news or reports about the happenings in the meat industry but instead condemned the wrong doings. Even the president, Roosevelt, was particularly disturbed by this publication. His immediate action was to send agents to investigate Upton’s claim. Unfortunately, the agents reported back a much worse situation than the one Upton published in his novel. He, there fore, requested the congress to pass a law for regulating food and drug usage and also putting in place a standard for inspection of meat. This was finally achieved in 1906 with the law requiring meat to be packed in a clean environment and meet the stipulated standards. He even invited Upton to statehouse and solicited his advice on ways to improve the inspection process to make them much safer. This system matched his current regulatory system in the sense tha

Country Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Country Risk - Assignment Example ous risks examined include the political risks such as tax legislation, risk due to foreign exchange rate variations, inflation rate, interest’s rates, etc. When business extends its operations to foreign countries it has to comply with regulations of the host country as well as those of the mother country. The report examines general business environment in UK and Malaysia in order to decide the best source of business funding and understand the prevailing challenges that Zeus PLC is likely to face during its operations. The company will contribute to growth of UK and Malaysia economies through creation of employment opportunities, generating revenue, etc. Its operations will be influenced by the labour laws of the two countries. In order to minimize the cost of operations the company should set its operation as branch in foreign country and use the local currency to pay its workers in order to reduce effects of currency exchange on cost of labour. Malaysia is a mixed economy in which both private and public sectors are actively involved in business, and the country provides an enabling business environment for both domestic and foreign companies. â€Å"The services industry including business services (wholesale and retail), financial transport, communication and real estate subsectors contributes 58.6% of the economic Gross Domestic Products (GDP) as of 2011† (Ibp Inc. 2014. P. 124). Manufacturing sector is the second (contributing 27.5%) while agriculture and mining industry takes third and fourth positions with 7.3% and 6.3% respectively (Export.gov. 2014). However, existence of "tight fiscal policies, nonaggressive consumers, and restrained global growth" services is likely to limit the economic growth in UK (PwC. 2014). The government aims to "promote foreign investments through by deregulating Foreign Investment Committee’s investment procedures† (Dana, Mahdi, Zin, Ramli, Nor, & Mohd, 2013. P. 11). T he report examines general business environment in

Language and its relation with apes Essay Example for Free

Language and its relation with apes Essay When we talk about language it means the language that we use for communication. Humans have used different types of language in past for communication and the language that we speak today has been eventually achieved after lots of changes. It has been said that using language for communication has differentiated humans from other animals on this earth. Talking about language includes sign language, spoken language and other languages used for communication. Language should be differentiated with speech because speech involves production of sound from the voice box whereas anguage means a way commonly used for communication and to express one with each other in society. All animals use some form of communication or other but researchers don’t classify it as language. But it has been seen that some of the animals like dolphins, apes, chimpanzees etc. can communicate using the language used by humans. Dolphins are even found calling each other by names. As far as apes are concerned great ape language has even evolved by the researchers while teaching gorillas, orangutans and chimpanzees. It is seen that they communicate with each other using sign language or physical tokens. These usages of different types of tools to communicate indicate their ability to use language. When we go back into the past we find that in the beginning the language was not related to speech and can be said to be a type of sign language. Many researchers have made studies and have come to the conclusion that apes can understand sign language and can easily communicate with humans if trained to do so. A chimpanzee was caught in the wild and was named Washoe. When she was ten months old, she was handed over to a husband and wife involved with the researcher’s team. It is a fact that chimpanzees are fully dependent till two years of age and semi dependent up to four years of age. They made the environment like a deaf parent would make for their child and then started experiment on Washoe. There was at least one of the researchers with her when she was awake and tried a lot of techniques in order to teach her sign language and how to communicate with humans. Before project Washoe, attempts to teach animals the voice language had failed so the researchers tried to teach her the American Sign language in which they succeeded to a far extent. While teaching Washoe, when she used to learn any language properly she was rewarded so that it encouraged her and initially she was even taught to bring her hands together and touch her fingertips. Then the couple started teaching her to be more precise with her hands’ movements. In the first couple of years the couple were not sure whether she was really catching the language or not because sometimes she did not react to that but when she was shown the object she would make the correct sign for that. It was also seen that some of the things she used to name in her own way and continuously did the same. This also shows that chimpanzees applied their own wish and brain and not just copied what they were taught. It was concluded by the researchers that when humans started to communicate with the help of speech, their vocal tract developed and it eventually brought changes in the human brain too. The language that we use today to communicate can be found back 200,000 years ago where we find similarities in the language. But it was almost 50,000 years back from when sophistication of language started. The first step must have been the use of grammar in the language and the basis of today’s language must have eveloped. But it is still a matter of debate whether it developed gradually or suddenly because researchers have no proof for any of the two. Language is said to be unique human quality and researchers have found evidence that suggests that a sudden change took place somewhere in Africa around 50,000 years back. This brought some changes in human brain and some of the scientists have concluded that a group of Africans left and proceeded to colonize other parts of the world. This way similar language pattern spread and is now found in most parts of the world. There are ome researchers who believe that the language of today has eventually been achieved and has gone through different stages and the modern linguistics must have evolved since late eighteenth century. It depends upon the circumstances and surroundings and it has been proved by the researchers that chimpanzees when kept in supporting environment can learn and communicate in sign language with humans. The richness of our language for communication is considered as distinctive achievement because it provides us with the ways to express our feelings and emotions to others. Each and every achievement of umans can be credited to language because without it nothing could have been possible in the field of science and technology, philosophy, art and culture or any of the fields. There is language diversity found in this world and even market of language technology is also growing. Language has helped a lot in expanding different types of businesses throughout the world. Exchange of ideas and views become very important when it comes to business or any field that is concerned with the whole world. The use of computer and Internet has also brought the whole world quite close and even the diversity f languages can be bridged with the help of latest technology. Translations are done with the help of software and although they are less accurate than the work done by humans, they are cheap and easily accessible. It can almost be considered as revolution and this has been spreading widely through the help of computer. Initially language was thought to be a unique human quality and that must be because it gave every human to articulate and communicate easily with each other. Understand each other in a better way, which was a great achievement for humans and this helped them to ravel and know about different cultures and livings. Language is the base of all the developments and achievements in this world. If there were no collectiveness due to common language, there would have been nothing possible. All the developments either technical or in the art world are seen and enjoyed today just because a group of people were able to communicate and discuss on some point and then after a lot of studies and experiments were able to reach where we are today. Communication has also helped to pass on the ideas of one generation to other and in this way development has eventually eached and is further heading in future. The most important thing needed for communication is language as it is the base and without which it would have not been possible to communicate. It happens at many levels and in various ways but need of language is must. Language becomes the means that helps to communicate within the working team and thus helps achieve targets and success. Man is a social animal and he needs to communicate in order to remain attached to the society and every member of the society has his or her share in its development. Many scholars have given instances and tried to explain the importance of communication and its relation with language. Just to prove the significance of language there had been so many projects to teach languages to animals and men have succeeded in it. Some of the animals can understand and communicate in sign languages if taught in perfect age like chimpanzees and some can even speak too like parrots if taught at an early age can communicate with vocal expressions. Dolphins are found to call each other by names and they also communicate with their human companions and understand their instructions. Dolphins are found to respond to music too. Language is an organized form of communication, which can be conveyed through voice, signals, and gestures or written symbols. But just communication or its ways are not considered as language and this is the reason why the communication of animals is not considered as language. Humans speak and write language as a system of symbols and grammars or rules with the help of which the symbols are manipulated. Most of humans use sounds or gestures as communication tools and language is considered to be exclusively as mode of communication for humans only.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Students, faculty, family, friends, on this exciting day, I speak to optimism, laughter, and grins. As I was gathering input for this graduation speech, several people suggested including a profound quote offering â€Å"encouraging advice to the young graduates†, and then there were others who said, â€Å"eh don’t worry about it, no one listens to those anyway.† Fortunately, I was actually able to take from both suggestions and found a happy balance. You see, I won’t tell you today to: â€Å"Dare to dream† or â€Å"Find your own vision† or even to â€Å"Strive for excellence,† or any trite clichà © that’s ever been said in a graduation speech. So this might not be your typical commencement. I have no list of â€Å"Do’s and Don’ts† for you. I don’t have any funny stories about politicians or teachers. I don’t have any jokes, nor do I have any interesting quotes from real famous people. And so you may be wondering. Why? Because there are only a few times in life where you can really have time to sit, relax, and at least pretend to be interested in another kid’s advice on what works for them. This is one of those times where I get to fill you in on what has kept me going, trusting that you can relate. First, in attempt to take the advice to include a symbolic quote, it became quite clear that no matter what, life is an endless stream of contradictions and inconsistencies. You see, they tell us that â€Å"haste makes waste,† but then, â€Å"the early bird gets the worm.† And â€Å"don’t put off until tomorrow what you can get done today,† but we’re supposed to â€Å"stop and smell the roses†? When do we have time to smell the roses when we’re busy doing everything today? And how do you â€Å"shoot for the moon† when you are being told to â€Å"wish upon a star†? I mean come on.... ... and be proud of all you have accomplished here at McNeil. Sure it’s long, sure we have tons of kids in our class, but stare at everyone’s shoes or something. Laugh it up at the kid who is wearing flip flops. Chuckle at the girl who is only 4’11† and takes 5 strides for each of your 2. Er, wait, that’s me. Enjoy this moment. Don’t rush through these motions. This is a significant event. It does deserve grins, laughter, and an optimistic attitude. Life will run you by if you don’t take time to enjoy all the small things. And remember, it’s those little things that make life funny. People should laugh at most of the things in life, cry at a few, and be neutral at hardly anything. Guys, I thank you. It has been an honor to serve as your class president. Good luck. Now, I am going to make like America Online Instant Messenger and sign off with an L-O-L. Good bye.

Analysis of Documentary ” the End of the Line”

The end of the line The end of the line is a part of a new wave of documentaries that not only seek prizes at Film Festival and wasn’t just primarily made to make money but change the opinions of dozens of people. What is happening to the world fish stocks is an under reported issue and End of the Line seeks to address this problem and make the issue reportable. The film was directed by Rupert Murray and narrated by Ted Danson. But the whole film is based on a book By Charles Clover himself a fisherman who tells us about his happiness when he first caught a big great salmon .Other researchers , scientists and just fishermen travel around the world to get people to pay attention to the problem of factory fishing which has reduced and made some fish species extinct . In many ways this film is like a funeral for fish . The scientists predict that if we continue fishing as we are now , we will see the end of most seafood by 2048 . The film takes us around the fishing world to the places like Alaska , Canada , Senegal and Bahamas . The film presentation is less like an investigation but more about discovering the guilty criminals because of which fish is disappearing .The film defines them and we listen to expert witnesses who explains us about why those people are guilty . The documentary opens on a colourful ecosystem that immerses us into the beauty of the underwater world , shows us how this world swarming with life and how it is full of various kinds of fish . Credits calmly fade in and out of the picture as beautiful fish dart in and out of coral reefs, filling the screen with happiness and vibrancy. The credits finish rolling and the music that has been playing in the background transforms from cheerful to suspenseful and dramatic .Drab, gray colors suddenly replace the bright ones, and short scenes begin to flash in sync with the music. Huge boats charge through the sea like a tank rolling into a battlefield. A fisherman’s silhouette appears an d he brandishes a knife, plunghing it into a flopping fish. Red, vibrant blood squirts everywhere, even splashing onto the screen, and it drips from the knife of the fisherman . Quick cuts , dramatic close-ups , emotional music , and vivid details are all characteristics of this film .Colors and music in this documentary , that were mentiod earlier , are directed to convey a message of hatred and disgust towards anglers , even before a single word is said . The violent shots of fish being hit in the head, nets filled with flopping fish (complete with an unpleasant slapping sound), and knives creating gushing stab wounds in huge tuna are accompanied by slow, dramatic music and music that could be straight from a horror movie. One shot from within an underwater net shows a few fish with panicked faces, eyes wide, and mouths open, lunging toward the camera as if screaming, â€Å"Let me out! . In this film , fish is occasionally personified , making people that are shown in scenes at s ushi restaurants while eating seafood and talking about how they enjoy eating it and how they love fish , in interviews is represented as they are cannibalistic fish murderers . The diction in this film is mostly voice-over and interviewees . The definite attempt of voice-over is to manipulate the emotions of audience . What about the interwiewees , many of them are very passionate about the issues presented in this documentary , and it shows in the word choice that they use .In the interviews what they do is that they are encouraging and persuading people to stop consuming fish in such big amounts as we do now , to stop fishing ilegally or reduce catch of fish , to prevent this tradegy , otherwise we will see the end of seafood . They also represent us the statistics that are intimidating . Those statistics and interwievs create a horrifying atmosphere and mood . The method of this film is to shock audience . This is the great move to engage people , because it is a shock and fear that makes people be more serious and change the way they think and their worldview .And the dramatic music only feeds those feelings . As it was mentioned earlier the film takes part in different parts of the world . For example in Africa the fishing business is very well developed , but as they were asborbing and catching fish in large quantities this led them to a shotage of fish as well as to the loss of jobs . Since fish and fishing itself for them is one of the most important kinds of food and job , many fishermen were forced to go to Europe to infiltrate their families . And this is already one of the examples that the fish is being extincted .Another example that fish is being extincted is that some corporations and fishermen cheat because they can and don’t get caught . In the documentary , a passionate Mielgo described the role of Mitsubishi that’s located in Japan in the decline of bluefin tuna . He believes the company is stockpiling bluefin for the day whe n the species will be extinct and the price of their highly regarded flesh will skyrocket. The bluefin situation demonstrates what multinational corporations, international fishing policy, and consumer demand can do to a wild species.The film gives us a lot of information, using statistics, scientists, fishermen, and people associated with the fishing industry, which makes us feel truthfully about this film and believe it and to take their message and really try to make a difference in the underwater world . All in all the main purpose of this film is to reach people , to make them to imagine an ocean without fish . Imagine their meals without seafood . Imagine the global consequences . To show that this is the future if we do not stop , the purpose is to make people think and act wisely .

Napoleons Egyptian Campaign

In 1798 the French Revolutionary War in Europe reached a temporary pause, with the forces of revolutionary France and their enemies at peace. Only Britain remained at war. The French were still looking to secure their position, wished to knock out Britain out. However, despite Napoleon Bonaparte, the hero of Italy, being assigned a command to prepare for an invasion of Britain, it was clear to all that such an adventure would never succeed: Britain’s Royal Navy was too strong to allow for a workable beachhead. Napoleon’s Dream Napoleon had long harbored dreams of fighting in the Middle East and Asia, and he formulated a plan to strike back by attacking Egypt. A conquest here would secure the French hold on the Eastern Mediterranean, and to Napoleon’s mind open up a route to attack Britain in India. The Directory, the five-man body which ruled France, where equally keen to see Napoleon try his luck in Egypt because it would keep him away from usurping them, and give his troops something to do outside France. There was also the small chance he’d repeat the miracles of Italy. Consequently, Napoleon, a fleet and an army sailed from Toulon in May; he had over 250 transports and 13 ‘ships of the line’. After capturing Malta while on the way, 40,000 French landed in Egypt on July 1st. They captured Alexandria and marched on Cairo. Egypt was a notionally part of the Ottoman Empire, but it was under the practical control of the Mameluke military. Napoleon’s force had more than just troops. He had brought with him an army of civilian scientists who were to create the Institute of Egypt in Cairo, to both, learn from the east, and begin to ‘civilize’ it. For some historians, the science of Egyptology began seriously with the invasion. Napoleon claimed he was there to defend Islam and Egyptian interests, but he wasn’t believed and rebellions began.​ Battles in the East Egypt might not be controlled by the British, but the Mameluke rulers were no happier to see Napoleon. An Egyptian army marched to meet the French, clashing at the Battle of the Pyramids on July 21st. A struggle of military eras, it was a clear victory for Napoleon, and Cairo was occupied. A new government was installed by Napoleon, ending ‘feudalism’, serfdom, and importing French structures. However, Napoleon could not command at sea, and on August 1st the Battle of the Nile was fought. British naval commander Nelson had been sent to stop Napoleon landing and had missed him while resupplying, but finally found the French fleet and took the chance to attack while it was docked in Aboukir Bay to take on supplies, gaining further surprise by attacking in the evening, on into night, and early in the morning: only two ships of the line escaped (they were later sunk), and Napoleon’s supply line had ceased to exist. At the Nile Nelson destroyed eleven ships of the line, which amounted to a sixth of those in the French navy, including some very new and large craft. It would take years to replace them and this was the pivotal battle of the campaign. Napoleon’s position suddenly weakened, the rebels he had encouraged turned against him. Acerra and Meyer have argued this was the defining battle of the Napoleonic Wars, which hadn’t yet begun. Napoleon couldn’t even take his army back to France and, with enemy forces forming up, Napoleon marched into Syria with a small army. The aim was to prise the Ottoman Empire apart from their alliance with Britain. After taking Jaffa – where three thousand prisoners were executed - he besieged Acre, but this held out, despite the defeat of a relief army sent by the Ottomans. The plague ravaged the French and Napoleon was forced back to Egypt. He nearly suffered a setback when Ottoman forces using British and Russian ships landed 20,000 people at Aboukir, but he moved quickly to attack before the cavalry, artillery, and elites had been landed and routed them. Napoleon Leaves Napoleon now took a decision which has damned him in the eyes of many critics: realising the political situation in France was ripe for change, both for him and against him, and believing only he could save the situation, save his position, and take command of the whole country, Napoleon left his army and returned to France in a ship which had to evade the British. He was soon to seize power in a coup d’etat. Post-Napoleon: French Defeat General Kleber was left to manage the French army, and he signed the Convention of El Arish with the Ottomans. This should have allowed him to pull the French army back to France, but the British refused, so Kleber attacked and retook Cairo. He was assassinated a few weeks later. The British now decided to send troops, and a force under Abercromby landed at Aboukir. The British and French fought soon after at Alexandria, and while Abercromby was killed the French were beaten, forced away from Cairo, and into surrender. Another invading British force was being organized in India to attack through the Red Sea. The British now allowed the French force to return to France and prisoners held by Britain were returned after a deal in 1802. Napoleon’s oriental dreams were over.